<xbrl xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/instance" xmlns:e="http://xbrl.dcca.dk/sob" xmlns:b="http://xbrl.dcca.dk/entryBalanceSheetAccountFormIncomeStatementByNature" xmlns:h="http://xbrl.dcca.dk/mrv" xmlns:f="http://xbrl.dcca.dk/arr" xmlns:d="http://xbrl.dcca.dk/cmn" xmlns:g="http://xbrl.dcca.dk/fsa" xmlns:c="http://xbrl.dcca.dk/gsd" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xbrli="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/instance" xmlns:iso4217="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/iso4217" xmlns:xbrldi="http://xbrl.org/2006/xbrldi" xmlns:link="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xsi:schemaLocation="http://xbrl.dcca.dk/entryBalanceSheetAccountFormIncomeStatementByNature http://archprod.service.eogs.dk/taxonomy/20231001/entryDanishGAAPBalanceSheetAccountFormIncomeStatementByNatureIncludingManagementsReviewStatisticsAndTax20231001.xsd"><link:schemaRef xlink:type="simple" xlink:href="http://archprod.service.eogs.dk/taxonomy/20231001/entryDanishGAAPBalanceSheetAccountFormIncomeStatementByNatureIncludingManagementsReviewStatisticsAndTax20231001.xsd"/><c:NameOfSubmittingEnterprise contextRef="c40" xml:lang="en">BDO Statsautoriseret revisionsaktieselskab</c:NameOfSubmittingEnterprise><c:AddressOfSubmittingEnterpriseStreetAndNumber contextRef="c40" xml:lang="en">Havneholmen 29</c:AddressOfSubmittingEnterpriseStreetAndNumber><c:AddressOfSubmittingEnterprisePostcodeAndTown contextRef="c40" xml:lang="en">DK-1561 København V</c:AddressOfSubmittingEnterprisePostcodeAndTown><c:IdentificationNumberCvrOfSubmittingEnterprise contextRef="c40" xml:lang="en">20222670</c:IdentificationNumberCvrOfSubmittingEnterprise><c:InformationOnTypeOfSubmittedReport contextRef="c40">Årsrapport</c:InformationOnTypeOfSubmittedReport><c:DateOfGeneralMeeting contextRef="c40">2024-06-27</c:DateOfGeneralMeeting><c:NameAndSurnameOfChairmanOfGeneralMeeting contextRef="c40" xml:lang="en">Max Tomas Lundberg</c:NameAndSurnameOfChairmanOfGeneralMeeting><c:NameOfReportingEntity contextRef="c40" xml:lang="en">Grad ApS</c:NameOfReportingEntity><c:AddressOfReportingEntityStreetName contextRef="c40" xml:lang="en">Vesterbrogade 149</c:AddressOfReportingEntityStreetName><c:AddressOfReportingEntityPostCodeIdentifier contextRef="c40" xml:lang="en">1620 Copenhagen V</c:AddressOfReportingEntityPostCodeIdentifier><d:TypeOfAuditorAssistance contextRef="c40" xml:lang="en">Revisionspåtegning</d:TypeOfAuditorAssistance><c:IdentificationNumberCvrOfReportingEntity contextRef="c40" xml:lang="en">36951842</c:IdentificationNumberCvrOfReportingEntity><c:DateOfFoundationOfReportingEntity contextRef="c40">2015-07-02</c:DateOfFoundationOfReportingEntity><c:RegisteredOfficeOfReportingEntity contextRef="c40" xml:lang="en">Copenhagen</c:RegisteredOfficeOfReportingEntity><c:ReportingPeriodStartDate contextRef="c40">2023-01-01</c:ReportingPeriodStartDate><c:ReportingPeriodEndDate 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decimals="0">3121805</g:AmortisationOfIntangibleAssets><g:AccumulatedImpairmentLossesAndAmortisationOfIntangibleAssets contextRef="c340" unitRef="u1" decimals="0">11944127</g:AccumulatedImpairmentLossesAndAmortisationOfIntangibleAssets><g:IntangibleAssets contextRef="c340" unitRef="u1" decimals="0">11464303</g:IntangibleAssets><g:PropertyPlantAndEquipmentGross contextRef="c479" unitRef="u1" decimals="0">2859018</g:PropertyPlantAndEquipmentGross><g:PropertyPlantAndEquipmentGross contextRef="c514" unitRef="u1" decimals="0">56986</g:PropertyPlantAndEquipmentGross><g:AdditionsToPropertyPlantAndEquipment contextRef="c477" unitRef="u1" decimals="0">1916826</g:AdditionsToPropertyPlantAndEquipment><g:AdditionsToPropertyPlantAndEquipment contextRef="c512" unitRef="u1" decimals="0">0</g:AdditionsToPropertyPlantAndEquipment><g:PropertyPlantAndEquipmentGross contextRef="c481" unitRef="u1" decimals="0">4775844</g:PropertyPlantAndEquipmentGross><g:PropertyPlantAndEquipmentGross contextRef="c516" unitRef="u1" decimals="0">56986</g:PropertyPlantAndEquipmentGross><g:AccumulatedImpairmentLossesAndDepreciationOfPropertyPlantAndEquipment contextRef="c479" unitRef="u1" decimals="0">580019</g:AccumulatedImpairmentLossesAndDepreciationOfPropertyPlantAndEquipment><g:AccumulatedImpairmentLossesAndDepreciationOfPropertyPlantAndEquipment contextRef="c514" unitRef="u1" decimals="0">25778</g:AccumulatedImpairmentLossesAndDepreciationOfPropertyPlantAndEquipment><g:DepreciationOfPropertyPlantAndEquipment contextRef="c477" unitRef="u1" decimals="0">610186</g:DepreciationOfPropertyPlantAndEquipment><g:DepreciationOfPropertyPlantAndEquipment contextRef="c512" unitRef="u1" decimals="0">11397</g:DepreciationOfPropertyPlantAndEquipment><g:AccumulatedImpairmentLossesAndDepreciationOfPropertyPlantAndEquipment contextRef="c481" unitRef="u1" decimals="0">1190205</g:AccumulatedImpairmentLossesAndDepreciationOfPropertyPlantAndEquipment><g:AccumulatedImpairmentLossesAndDepreciationOfPropertyPlantAndEquipment contextRef="c516" unitRef="u1" decimals="0">37175</g:AccumulatedImpairmentLossesAndDepreciationOfPropertyPlantAndEquipment><g:PropertyPlantAndEquipment contextRef="c481" unitRef="u1" decimals="0">3585639</g:PropertyPlantAndEquipment><g:PropertyPlantAndEquipment contextRef="c516" unitRef="u1" decimals="0">19811</g:PropertyPlantAndEquipment><g:InvestmentsGross contextRef="c578" unitRef="u1" decimals="0">103221</g:InvestmentsGross><g:AdditionsToInvestments contextRef="c577" unitRef="u1" decimals="0">6951</g:AdditionsToInvestments><g:InvestmentsGross contextRef="c579" unitRef="u1" decimals="0">110172</g:InvestmentsGross><g:LongtermInvestmentsAndReceivables contextRef="c579" unitRef="u1" decimals="0">110172</g:LongtermInvestmentsAndReceivables><g:LongtermLiabilitiesOtherThanProvisionsDueAfterFiveYearsAndMore contextRef="c178" unitRef="u1" decimals="0">0</g:LongtermLiabilitiesOtherThanProvisionsDueAfterFiveYearsAndMore><g:ClassOfReportingEntity contextRef="c40">Regnskabsklasse B</g:ClassOfReportingEntity><g:SelectedElementsFromReportingClassC contextRef="c40">true</g:SelectedElementsFromReportingClassC><g:AccountingPoliciesAreUnchangedFromPreviousPeriod contextRef="c40">true</g:AccountingPoliciesAreUnchangedFromPreviousPeriod><e:IdentificationOfApprovedAnnualReport contextRef="c40">Today the Board of Directors and Executive Board have discussed and approved the Annual Report of Grad ApS for the financial year 1 January  - 31 December 2023.






</e:IdentificationOfApprovedAnnualReport><e:ConfirmationThatAnnualReportIsPresentedInAccordanceWithRequirementsProvidedForByLegislationAnyStandardsAndRequirementsProvidedByArticlesOfAssociationOrByAgreement contextRef="c40">The Annual Report is presented in accordance with the Danish Financial Statements Act.






</e:ConfirmationThatAnnualReportIsPresentedInAccordanceWithRequirementsProvidedForByLegislationAnyStandardsAndRequirementsProvidedByArticlesOfAssociationOrByAgreement><e:ConfirmationThatFinancialStatementGivesTrueAndFairViewOfAssetsLiabilitiesEquityFinancialPositionAndResults contextRef="c40">In our opinion the Financial Statements give a true and fair view of the Company's assets, liabilities and financial position at 31 December 2023 and of the results of the Company's operations for the financial year 1 January  - 31 December 2023.







</e:ConfirmationThatFinancialStatementGivesTrueAndFairViewOfAssetsLiabilitiesEquityFinancialPositionAndResults><e:ManagementsStatementAboutManagementsReview contextRef="c40">The Management Commentary includes in our opinion a fair presentation of the matters dealt with in the Commentary.








</e:ManagementsStatementAboutManagementsReview><e:RecommendationForApprovalOfAnnualReportByGeneralMeeting contextRef="c40">We recommend the Annual Report be approved at the Annual General Meeting.



</e:RecommendationForApprovalOfAnnualReportByGeneralMeeting><f:AddresseeOfAuditorsReportOnAuditedFinancialStatements contextRef="c40">To the Shareholders of Grad ApS


</f:AddresseeOfAuditorsReportOnAuditedFinancialStatements><f:OpinionOnAuditedFinancialStatements contextRef="c40">We have audited the Financial Statements of Grad ApS for the financial year 1 January - 31 December 2023, which comprise income statement, Balance Sheet, statement of changes in equity, notes and a summary of significant accounting policies. The Financial Statements are prepared in accordance with the Danish Financial Statements Act. 


In our opinion, the Financial Statements give a true and fair view of the assets, liabilities and financial position of the Company at 31 December 2023 and of the results of the Company's operations for the financial year 1 January - 31 December 2023 in accordance with the Danish Financial Statements Act. 


</f:OpinionOnAuditedFinancialStatements><f:DescriptionOfQualificationsOfAuditedFinancialStatements contextRef="c40">Basis for Opinion
Grundlag for konklusion


We conducted our audit in accordance with International Standards on Auditing (ISAs) and the additional requirements applicable in Denmark. Our responsibilities under those standards and requirements are further described in the “Auditor’s Responsibilities for the Audit of the Financial Statements” section of our report. We are independent of the Company in accordance with the International Ethics Standards Board for Accountants’ International Code of Ethics for Professional Accountants (including International Independence Standards) (IESBA Code), together with the ethical requirements that are relevant to our audit of the financial statements in Denmark, and we have fulfilled our other ethical responsibilities in accordance with these requirements and the IESBA Code. We believe that the evidence we have obtained is sufficient and appropriate to provide a basis for our conclusion. 


</f:DescriptionOfQualificationsOfAuditedFinancialStatements><f:StatementOfExecutiveAndSupervisoryBoardsResponsibilityForFinancialStatements contextRef="c40">Management's Responsibilities for the Financial Statements



Management is responsible for the preparation of Financial Statements that give a true and fair view in accordance with the Danish Financial Statements Act and for such Internal control as Management determines is necessary to enable the preparation of Financial Statements that are free from material misstatement, whether due to fraud or error. 



In preparing the Financial Statements, Management is responsible for assessing the Company's ability to continue as a going concern, disclosing, as applicable, matters related to going concern and using the going concern basis of accounting in preparing the Financial Statements unless Management either intends to liquidate the Company or to cease operations, or has no realistic alternative but to do so. 


</f:StatementOfExecutiveAndSupervisoryBoardsResponsibilityForFinancialStatements><f:StatementOfAuditorsResponsibilityForAuditAndAuditPerformed contextRef="c40">Our objectives are to obtain reasonable assurance about whether the Financial Statements as a whole are free from material misstatement, whether due to fraud or error, and to issue an auditor’s report that includes our opinion. Reasonable assurance is a high level of assurance, but is not a guarantee that an audit conducted in accordance with ISAs and the additional requirements applicable in Denmark will always detect a material misstatement when it exists. Misstatements can arise from fraud or error and are considered material if, individually or in the aggregate, they could reasonably be expected to influence the economic decisions of users taken on the basis of these Financial Statements. 



As part of an audit conducted in accordance with ISAs and the additional requirements applicable in Denmark, we exercise professional judgment and maintain professional skepticism throughout the audit. We also:



Identify and assess the risks of material misstatement of the Financial Statements, whether due to fraud or error, design and perform audit procedures responsive to those risks, and obtain audit evidence that is sufficient and appropriate to provide a basis for our opinion. The risk of not detecting a material misstatement resulting from fraud is higher than for one resulting from error as fraud may involve collusion, forgery, intentional omissions, misrepresentations, or the override of internal control.



Obtain an understanding of internal control relevant to the audit in order to design audit procedures that are appropriate in the circumstances, but not for the purpose of expressing an opinion on the effectiveness of the Company's internal control.



Evaluate the appropriateness of accounting policies used and the reasonableness of accounting estimates and related disclosures made by Management.



Conclude on the appropriateness of Management’s use of the going concern basis of accounting in preparing the Financial Statements and, based on the audit evidence obtained, whether a material uncertainty exists related to events or conditions that may cast significant doubt on the Company's ability to continue as a going concern. If we conclude that a material uncertainty exists, we are required to draw attention in our auditor’s report to the related disclosures in the Financial Statements or, if such disclosures are inadequate, to modify our opinion. Our conclusions are based on the audit evidence obtained up to the date of our auditor’s report. However, future events or conditions may cause the Company to cease to continue as a going concern.



Evaluate the overall presentation, structure and contents of the Financial Statements, including the disclosures, and whether the Financial Statements represent the underlying transactions and events in a manner that gives a true and fair view.




We communicate with those charged with governance regarding, among other matters, the planned scope and timing of the audit and significant audit findings, including any significant deficiencies in internal control that we identify during our audit. 


</f:StatementOfAuditorsResponsibilityForAuditAndAuditPerformed><f:StatementOnManagementsReviewAuditorsReportOnAuditedFinancialStatements contextRef="c40">Statement on Management Commentary



Management is responsible for Management Commentary. 



Our opinion on the Financial Statements does not cover Management Commentary, and we do not express any form of assurance conclusion thereon. 



In connection with our audit of the Financial Statements, our responsibility is to read Management Commentary and, in doing so, consider whether Management Commentary is materially inconsistent with the Financial Statements or our knowledge obtained during the audit, or otherwise appears to be materially misstated. 



Moreover, it is our responsibility to consider whether Management Commentary provides the information required under the Danish Financial Statements Act. 



Based on the work we have performed, we conclude that Management Commentary is in accordance with the Financial Statements and has been prepared in accordance with the requirements of the Danish Financial Statements Act. We did not identify any material misstatement of Management Commentary. 


</f:StatementOnManagementsReviewAuditorsReportOnAuditedFinancialStatements><h:DescriptionOfPrimaryActivitiesOfEntity contextRef="c40">Principal activities




The Company’s activities include design, development and sales of innovative cooling solutions for the beverage industry. 


</h:DescriptionOfPrimaryActivitiesOfEntity><h:DescriptionOfDevelopmentInActivitiesAndFinancialAffairs contextRef="c40">Development in activities and financial and economic position




During the year Grad has continued investing in its cutting edge design and technology. Together with the current product portfolio, we believe that these investments in development projects put Grad in a satisfying position within our industry in the short as well as long term.  


</h:DescriptionOfDevelopmentInActivitiesAndFinancialAffairs><h:DescriptionOfSignificantEventsOccurringAfterEndOfReportingPeriod contextRef="c40">Significant events after the end of the financial year




In 2024, the Company has received, significant orders on several of their both new and traditional product innovations. It will have a positve impact on the operations and financial statements during 2024 and beyond.   In addition in 2024, the Company has received equity funding of DKK 4,7 mio. to strengthen the Company's working capital.   


</h:DescriptionOfSignificantEventsOccurringAfterEndOfReportingPeriod><g:DisclosureOfEquity contextRef="c40">DKK
Share Capital
Reserve for development costs
Retained earnings
Total






Equity at 1 January 2023 
83.076
7.828.629
980.767
8.892.472









Proposed loss allocation  


-2.871.666
-2.871.666









Other legal bindings


Transfer 

1.113.527
-1.113.527
0









Equity at 31 December 2023 
83.076
8.942.156
-3.004.426
6.020.806



















</g:DisclosureOfEquity><g:DisclosureOfEmployeeBenefitsExpense contextRef="c40">Staff costs


1

Average number of full time employees
9
7







Wages and salaries 
5.330.458
5.221.230


Pensions 
373.253
402.411


Social security costs 
53.082
53.992


Other staff costs 
204.914
192.681








5.961.707
5.870.314



</g:DisclosureOfEmployeeBenefitsExpense><g:DisclosureOfIntangibleAssets contextRef="c40">Intangible assets

3



DKK
Development projects completed


Cost at 1 January 2023 
18.859.026
Additions 
4.549.404
Cost at 31 December 2023 
23.408.430


Amortisation at 1 January 2023 
8.822.322
Amortisation for the year 
3.121.805
Amortisation at 31 December 2023 
11.944.127


Carrying amount at 31 December 2023 
11.464.303
Development projects cover the development of the Company’s products. Being a growth and development company there is inherent uncertainty as to the future commercial success and future profitability. Based on the success of the products launched to date and the expectation that the Company will be profitable in 2024 and forwards, Management assess that the value of future likely earnings at least equal the carrying value at 31 December 2023 of completed and ongoing development projects. 






</g:DisclosureOfIntangibleAssets><g:DisclosureOfPropertyPlantAndEquipment contextRef="c40">Property, plant and equipment




4



DKK
Other plant, machinery tools and equipment
Leasehold improvements





Cost at 1 January 2023 
2.859.018
56.986

Additions 
1.916.826
0

Cost at 31 December 2023 
4.775.844
56.986





Depreciation and impairment losses at 1 January 2023 
580.019
25.778

Depreciation for the year 
610.186
11.397

Depreciation and impairment losses at 31 December 2023 
1.190.205
37.175





Carrying amount at 31 December 2023 
3.585.639
19.811




</g:DisclosureOfPropertyPlantAndEquipment><g:DisclosureOfInvestments contextRef="c40">Financial non-current assets




5



DKK
Rent deposit and other receivables



Cost at 1 January 2023 
103.221
Additions 
6.951
Cost at 31 December 2023 
110.172


Carrying amount at 31 December 2023 
110.172









</g:DisclosureOfInvestments><g:DisclosureOfLongtermLiabilities contextRef="c40">Long-term liabilities


6


31/12 2023
Repayment
Debt outstanding
31/12 2022
total liabilities
next year
after 5 years
total liabilities





Other non-current liabilities 
2.367.695
486.000
0
2.510.469
535.600
535.600.01
Frozen holiday pay 
400.037
0
0
380.736
535.900
535.900.01






2.767.732
486.000
0
2.891.205







</g:DisclosureOfLongtermLiabilities><g:DisclosureOfContingentLiabilities contextRef="c40">Contingent commitments

The Company has entered into a rent contract with a total commitment DKK ('000) 225. 
</g:DisclosureOfContingentLiabilities><g:DisclosureOfCollateralsAndAssetsPledgesAsSecurity contextRef="c40">Charges and securities
8


As security for debt of DKK ('000) 2,368, the Company has given a company charge of a nominal amount of DKK ('000) 2,671. The company charge includes the following assets, whose carrying amounts of which at the balance sheet date are: 



DKK


Development projects completed 
11.464.303
411

Other plant, machinery tools and equipment 
3.585.639
422

Inventories 
7.295.433
441

Trade receivables 
1.789.515
450.100

Other receivables 
1.428.347
450.400






</g:DisclosureOfCollateralsAndAssetsPledgesAsSecurity><g:DisclosureOfSignificantEventsOccurringAfterEndOfReportingPeriod contextRef="c40">Significant events after the end of the financial year
9


In 2024, the Company has received equity funding of DKK 4,7 mio. to strengthen the Company's working capital. 

</g:DisclosureOfSignificantEventsOccurringAfterEndOfReportingPeriod><g:DisclosureOfSpecialItems contextRef="c40">Special items
10


2023
2022


DKK
DKK






Covid-19 compensation for fixed costs 
592.525
832.075







592.525
832.075







</g:DisclosureOfSpecialItems><g:InformationOnReportingClassOfEntity contextRef="c40">The Annual Report of Grad ApS for 2023 has been presented in accordance with the provisions of the Danish Financial Statements Act for enterprises in reporting class B and certain provisions applying to reporting class C. 
Regnskabsklasse B1
true
true

The Annual Report is prepared consistently with the accounting principles applied last year. 


</g:InformationOnReportingClassOfEntity><g:DescriptionOfMethodsOfRecognitionAndMeasurementBasisOfRevenue contextRef="c40">Net revenue




Net revenue from the sale of merchandise and finished goods is recognised in the Income Statement when supply and risk transfer to purchaser has taken place and if the income can be measured reliably and is expected to be received. 



Grants received from coorporation partners to cover investments are recognised as income concurrently with depreciation on eligible investments. 



Net revenue is recognised exclusive of VAT and less duties and discounts related to the sale. 


</g:DescriptionOfMethodsOfRecognitionAndMeasurementBasisOfRevenue><g:DescriptionOfMethodsOfRecognitionAndMeasurementBasisOfCostOfSales contextRef="c40">Cost of sales




Cost of sales comprise costs incurred to achieve the net revenue for the year, including direct and indirect costs of raw materials and consumables. 


</g:DescriptionOfMethodsOfRecognitionAndMeasurementBasisOfCostOfSales><g:DescriptionOfMethodsOfRecognitionAndMeasurementBasisOfOtherOperatingIncome contextRef="c40">Other operating income




Other operating income includes items of a secondary nature in relation to the Company's principal activities, including profit from sale of intangible and tangible assets, government grants, as well as salary refunds. Compensations are recognised when the income is considered certain. 


</g:DescriptionOfMethodsOfRecognitionAndMeasurementBasisOfOtherOperatingIncome><g:DescriptionOfMethodsOfRecognitionAndMeasurementBasisOfExternalExpenses contextRef="c40">Other external expenses



Other external expenses include other production, sales, delivery and administrative costs, including it, marketing, premises, lease expenses, etc 



Payments related to operating leases and other lease agreements are expensed in the Income Statement over the contract period. The Company’s total liability concerning operating and other lease agreements are stated under contingencies, etc.  



</g:DescriptionOfMethodsOfRecognitionAndMeasurementBasisOfExternalExpenses><g:DescriptionOfMethodsOfRecognitionAndMeasurementBasisOfEmployeeBenefitExpense contextRef="c40">Staff costs




Staff costs comprise wages and salaries, including holiday pay and pensions, and other costs of social security etc., for the Company's employees. 


</g:DescriptionOfMethodsOfRecognitionAndMeasurementBasisOfEmployeeBenefitExpense><g:DescriptionOfMethodsOfRecognitionAndMeasurementBasisOfFinanceIncomeAndExpenses contextRef="c40">Financial income and expenses





Financial income and expenses include interest income and expenses, currency gains and losses as well as charges and allowances under the tax-on-account scheme, etc. Financial income and expenses are recognised by the amounts that relate to the financial year. Interest income and expenses are recognised on basis of the amortised cost method. 


</g:DescriptionOfMethodsOfRecognitionAndMeasurementBasisOfFinanceIncomeAndExpenses><g:DescriptionOfMethodsOfRecognitionAndMeasurementBasisOfTaxExpenses contextRef="c40">Tax





The tax for the year, which consists of the current tax for the year and changes in deferred tax, is recognised in the Income Statement by the share that may be attributed to the profit for the year, and is recognised directly in equity by the share that may be attributed to entries directly to equity. 


</g:DescriptionOfMethodsOfRecognitionAndMeasurementBasisOfTaxExpenses><g:DescriptionOfMethodsOfRecognitionAndMeasurementBasisOfIntangibleAssets contextRef="c40">Intangible fixed assets





Development projects comprise costs, including wages and salaries, and amortisation, which directly or indirectly can be related to the Company’s development activities and which fulfil the criteria for recognition on the Balance Sheet such as there is a clear expectation that the development activities will result in products that will be available for sale in the future and thereby also implying that the Company has an intention and the ability to complete the development of the various product developments. 




The accounting item is measured at the lower of the capitalised costs less accumulated amortisation and recoverable amount. 




Capitalised development costs are amortised on a straight-line basis over the estimated useful life after completion of the development work. The amortisation period is normally 5 years. 



</g:DescriptionOfMethodsOfRecognitionAndMeasurementBasisOfIntangibleAssets><g:DescriptionOfMethodsOfRecognitionAndMeasurementBasisOfPropertyPlantAndEquipment contextRef="c40">Tangible fixed assets





Other plant, fixtures and equipment are measured at cost less accumulated depreciation and impairment losses. 



The depreciation base is cost less estimated residual value after end of useful life. 



The cost includes the acquisition price and costs incurred directly in connection with the acquisition until the time when the asset is ready to be used.  




Straight-line depreciation is provided on the basis of an assessment of the expected useful lives of the assets and their residual value: 




Useful lifeResidual value





Other plant, fixtures and equipment  5 years 0 %




Leasehold improvements  3-5 years 0 %








</g:DescriptionOfMethodsOfRecognitionAndMeasurementBasisOfPropertyPlantAndEquipment><g:DescriptionOfMethodsOfRecognitionAndMeasurementBasisOfInvestments contextRef="c40">Financial non-current assets





The Other securities include rent deposit expected to be held to maturity and are measured at amortised cost. 



</g:DescriptionOfMethodsOfRecognitionAndMeasurementBasisOfInvestments><g:DescriptionOfMethodsOfAmortisationOfNoncurrentAssets contextRef="c40">Impairment of fixed assets





The carrying amount of intangible fixed and tangible assets together with financial fixed assets, which are not measured at fair value, are assessed annually for indications of impairment other than that reflected by amortisation and depreciation. 



In the event of impairment indications, an impairment test is made for each asset or group of assets, respectively. If the recoverable amount is lower than the carrying amount, the asset is written down to the recoverable amount. 



The recoverable amount is calculated at the higher of the capital value and the sales value less expected costs of a sale. The capital value is determined as the Company's share in the current value of the net cash flows which the subsidiary is expected to generate through its activities and from sale of assets after the end of their useful lives. A discount rate is used which reflects the risk-free market rate and the owners' minimum return on interest requirements for similar assets. The growth rate in the terminal period is determined in accordance with the standards within the industry. 



</g:DescriptionOfMethodsOfAmortisationOfNoncurrentAssets><g:DescriptionOfMethodsOfRecognitionAndMeasurementBasisOfInventories contextRef="c40">Inventories





Inventories are measured at cost using the FIFO-principle. If the net realisable amount is lower than cost, the inventories are written down to the lower amount. 



The cost of finished goods includes the cost of raw materials, consumables, direct payroll cost and other direct production cost. 




The net realisable value of inventories is stated at the expected sales price less direct completion costs and costs incurred to execute the sale and is determined with due regard to marketability, obsolescence and development in expected sales price of the inventories. 



</g:DescriptionOfMethodsOfRecognitionAndMeasurementBasisOfInventories><g:DescriptionOfMethodsOfRecognitionAndMeasurementBasisOfReceivables contextRef="c40">Receivables





Receivables are measured at amortised cost which usually corresponds to nominal value. The value is written down to meet expected losses. 


</g:DescriptionOfMethodsOfRecognitionAndMeasurementBasisOfReceivables><g:DescriptionOfMethodsOfRecognitionAndMeasurementBasisOfDeferredIncomeAssets contextRef="c40">Prepayments





Prepayments recognised as assets include costs incurred relating to the subsequent financial year. 


</g:DescriptionOfMethodsOfRecognitionAndMeasurementBasisOfDeferredIncomeAssets><g:DescriptionOfMethodsOfRecognitionAndMeasurementBasisOfTaxPayablesAndDeferredTax contextRef="c40">Tax payable and deferred tax




Current tax liabilities and receivable current tax are recognised in the Balance Sheet as the calculated tax on the taxable income for the year, adjusted for tax on the taxable income for previous years and taxes paid on account. 



Deferred tax is measured on the temporary differences between the carrying amount and the tax value of assets and liabilities. 



Deferred tax assets, including the tax value of tax loss carryforwards, are measured at the amount at which the asset is expected to be used within a reasonable number of years, either by setoff against tax on future earnings or by setoff against deferred tax liabilities within the same legal tax entity. 



Deferred tax is measured on the basis of the tax rules and tax rates that under the legislation in force on the Balance Sheet date will be applicable when the deferred tax is expected to crystallise as current tax. Any changes in the deferred tax resulting from changes in tax rates, are recognised in the income statement, except from items recognised directly in equity. 


</g:DescriptionOfMethodsOfRecognitionAndMeasurementBasisOfTaxPayablesAndDeferredTax><g:DescriptionOfMethodsOfRecognitionAndMeasurementBasisOfLiabilitiesOtherThanProvisions contextRef="c40">Liabilities





Financial liabilities are recognised at the time of borrowing by the amount of proceeds received less transaction costs. In subsequent periods, the financial liabilities are measured at amortised cost equal to the capitalised value when using the effective interest, the difference between the proceeds and the nominal value being recognised in the Income Statement over the loan period. 



The amortised cost of current liabilities corresponds usually to the nominal value. 



</g:DescriptionOfMethodsOfRecognitionAndMeasurementBasisOfLiabilitiesOtherThanProvisions><g:DescriptionOfMethodsOfRecognitionAndMeasurementBasisOfDeferredIncomeLiabilities contextRef="c40">Deferred income





Deferred income include payments received from costumers to be recognised as income in subsequent years. 


</g:DescriptionOfMethodsOfRecognitionAndMeasurementBasisOfDeferredIncomeLiabilities><g:DescriptionOfMethodsOfTranslationOfForeignCurrencies contextRef="c40">Foreign currency translation





Transactions in foreign currencies are translated at the rate of exchange on the transaction date. Exchange differences arising between the rate on the transaction date and the rate on the payment date are recognised in the Income Statement as a financial income or expense.




Receivables, payables and other monetary items in foreign currencies that are not settled on the Balance Sheet date are translated at the exchange rate on the Balance Sheet date. The difference between the exchange rate on the Balance Sheet date and the exchange rate at the date when the receivables or payables come into existence recognised in the Income Statement as financial income or expenses.





Fixed assets acquired in foreign currencies are translated at the rate of exchange on the transaction date. 



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